摘要:
目的
研究915MHz微波电磁辐射对断乳鼠学习记忆能力的影响。
方法
雄性Wistar大鼠(50-90克)全身暴露于不同强度915MHz微波电磁辐射(0 V/m,30V/m, 60V/m), 每天暴露2h,每周暴露5d、连续暴露6w,通过食饵迷宫试验和水迷宫试验研究915MHz微波电磁辐射对断乳鼠学习和记忆能力影响。
结果
915MHz微波电磁辐射暴露3周及暴露6周时,与假暴露组相比暴露组大鼠食饵迷宫训练错误率及总训练用时增加(p<0.05 或p<0.01); 30V/m微波暴露组总训练用时与暴露前无显著差异,而60V/m微波暴露组总训练用时与暴露前相比明显延长(p<0.01);而假暴露组的训练用时则明显缩短(p<0.01);水迷宫试验总的学习时间延长(p<0.05)。
结论
随着915MHz微波电磁辐射暴露剂量的加大及暴露时间的增加,Wistar大鼠断乳鼠的学习和记忆能力显著减退,即存在一定的剂量/时间-反应关系。
Wang Qiang, Cao Zhaojin, Zhang Shuzhen, Wang Yan
National Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety , China CDC
Beijing 100021 , China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the biological effects of 915MHz electromagnetic fields on learning and memory of the immature Wistar rats(50-90g). Methods Male Wistar rats(50-90g)were exposed to 915MHz electromagnetic fields 2 hours per day for 5 days a week in 6 weeks, the intensities of the EMF exposure were 0V/m, 30V/m, and 60V/m. Bait maze and water maze were used to measure the ability of learning and memory. Results For 3 weeks & 6 weeks of 915 MHz EMF exposure, the error times and span of training of bait maze had been seen significantly difference in the exposed and the sham exposed rats(p<0.05, or p<0.01); the training span of the exposed rats with the intensity of 30V/m had no significant difference with different period of exposure, while training span of the exposed rats with the intensity of 60V/m had been found significantly increased (p<0.01), the training span of the sham shortened with the course of experiment(p<0.01); water maze experiments also showed that the exposed (60V/m) had spent longer training span than the sham exposed(p<0.05). Conclusion 915MHz microwave EMF exposure of 30V/m and 60V/m might have some biological effects on the learning and memory of immature male rats, and there is a trend of dose-response relationship.
Key words: microwaves; electromagnetic fields; rat; memory and learning.
1. 材料与方法
1.1 仪器设备



2. 结果
2.1 915MHz微波电磁辐射对大鼠体重影响
Table 1. Dynamic weight of rats at different periods of exposure(915MHz CW, ANOVA)
|
组别
group
|
数量
N
|
剂量
(V/m)
Intensity
|
平均体重(xˉ ±SD)
Avrg. weight (g)
|
||
|
暴露前
0 week
|
暴露第3周末
3rd weekend
|
暴露第6周末
6th weekend
|
|||
|
假暴露组
Sham
暴露组1
Exposed A
暴露组2
Exposed B
|
23
23
23
|
0
30
60
|
73.604±6.127
71.634±6.205
73.400±6.362
|
168.087±12.679
188.535±10.351*
197.996±12.697**
|
328.504±18.439
326.800±14.396
341.021±20.306*
|
Table 2. Maze result of food bait before microwave exposure(ANOVA)
|
组别
group
|
数量
N
|
剂量
(V/m)
Intensity
|
训练次数
Training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误次数
Error
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误率
Error%
|
训练时间(s)
Span of training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
|
假暴露组
Sham
暴露组1
Exposed A
暴露组2
Exposed B
|
23
23
23
|
0
30
60
|
10.261±0.043
10.000±0.000
10.000±0.000
|
0.043±0.208
0.000±0.000
0.000±0.000
|
0.419
0.000
0.000
|
373.043±129.138
364.182±116.624
358.174±97.1786
|
Table 3. Maze result of food bait at the 3rd weekend of 915MHz microwave exposure(ANOVA)
|
组别
group
|
数量
N
|
剂量
(V/m)
Intensity
|
训练次数
Training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误次数
Error
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误率
Error%
|
训练时间(s)
Span of training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
|
假暴露组
Sham
暴露组1
Exposed A
暴露组2
Exposed B
|
23
23
23
|
0
30
60
|
10.000±0.000
10.000±0.000
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
0.000±0.000
0.000±0.000
|
0.000
0.000
0.000
|
287.136±131.339
436.391±159.924*
305.652±130.878
|
Table 4. Maze result of food bait at the 6th weekend of 915MHz microwave exposure(ANOVA)
|
组别
group
|
数量
N
|
剂量
(V/m)
Intensity
|
训练次数
Training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误次数
Error
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误率
Error%
|
训练时间(s)
Span of training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
|
假暴露组
Sham
暴露组1
Exposed A
暴露组2
Exposed B
|
23
23
23
|
0
30
60
|
10.000±0.000
10.826±1.898
13.000±5.364*
|
0.000±0.000
0.174±0.388
1.000±1.797*
|
0.000
1.607
7.692
|
262.659±75.168
431.522±206.650*
557.500±408.587*
|
Table 5. Sham maze result of food bait at different periods of 915MHz MW exposure
|
组别
(group)
|
剂量
(V/m)
Intensity
|
暴露时间
(W)
Period of exposure
|
训练次数
Training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
错误次数
Error
(xˉ ±SD)
|
训练时间(s)
Span of training
(xˉ ±SD)
|
|
假暴露组
sham
|
0
|
0
|
10.261±0.043
|
0.043±0.208
|
373.043±129.138
|
|
3
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
287.136±131.339*
|
||
|
6
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
262.659±75.168*
|
||
|
暴露组1
Exposed A
|
30
|
0
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
364.182±116.624
|
|
3
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
436.391±159.924
|
||
|
6
|
10.826±1.898
|
0.174±0.388
|
431.522±206.650
|
||
|
暴露组2
Exposed B
|
60
|
0
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
358.174±97.1786
|
|
3
|
10.000±0.000
|
0.000±0.000
|
305.652±130.878
|
||
|
6
|
13.000±5.364*
|
1.000±1.797*
|
557.500±408.587*
|
3. 讨论
4. 致谢
[1] Kheifets L, Repacholi M, Saunders M,et al. The sensitivity of children to electromagnetic fields. [J]. Pediatrics. 2005, 116:303-313.
[2] SAR values & mobile phone health. http://www.mobile-phones-uk.org.uk .
[3] Lonn S; Ahlbom A; Maria F. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. [J]. Epidemiology. 2004 Nov; 15(6):653-659
[4] European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research 281. European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research workshop on mobile communication and children. 2002.














